Hirschsprung's disease is also often called congenital aganglionic megacolon is a disease that causes disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon. Hirschsprung or congenital megacolon is also said to be a congenital disorder where the absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells of Auerbach plexus in the colon, which is exactly abnormal circumstances can lead to the absence of peristalsis and evacuation of spontaneous intestinal, rectal sphincter relaxation can not, unable to prevent the escape of feces spontaneously , then can cause intestinal contents pushed to the segment no ganglion and feces can be collected at the end of the section so as to cause dilatation of the proximal bowel. Hirschsprung's disease or congenital megacolon can occur at any age, but most commonly in neonates.
This disease signs and symptoms found that the failure pass meconium within 24-48 hours after birth, vomit green, and constipation. Factors causing Hirschsprung disease is suspected to occur due to genetic factors and environmental factors.
Therefore, Hirschsprung's disease can be detected through examination performed as radiological examination, barium, enema, rectal biopsy, rectum, anorectal manometry and through management and teraupetik is by surgery and a colostomy.
Definition
Hirschsprung's disease (congenital megacolon) is a blockage of the large intestine that occurs due to inadequate bowel movement because most of the large intestine do not have the nerves that control muscle contraction.
Hirschsprung's disease occurs because of problems at the bottom of the innervation of the colon from the anus to the gut on it. Nerves are useful to make the move widens the narrowed bowel usually not at all or very little if any. But clearly this disorder will make the baby's bowel movements are not normal, even tended constantly constipated. This is due to the absence of nerves that can push the dirt out of the anus.
Under normal circumstances digestible food ingredients that can walk along the intestine because of the rhythmic contractions of the muscles of the intestinal release (the rhythmic contractions called peristalsis). Contraction of these muscles are stimulated enumerated set of nerves called a ganglion which lies under layers of muscle. At this ganglion Hirschsprung disease does not exist, usually only during a few centimeters.
Intestinal segments have peristaltic movement can not push the digested materials and blockage. Hirschsprung's disease is 5 times more common in boys. The disease is sometimes accompanied by other congenital abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.
10 Nursing Diagnosis for Hirschsprung's Disease
1. Risk for constipation
related to : the narrowing of the colon, secondary, mechanical obstruction.
2. Risk for fluid / electrolyte volume imbalance
related to : out of body fluids from vomiting, inability absorbs water by the intestinal tract.
3. Risk for injury
relatd to : post- surgical procedures, ischemia, necrosis of the intestinal wall secondary to intestinal obstruction condition.
4. Acute pain
related to : abdominal distension, intestinal irritation, surgical response.
5. Risk for Shock (hypovolemic)
relatd to : a decrease in blood volume, secondary to intestinal tract absorption, vomiting.
6. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements
related to : inadequate food intake.
7. Risk for infection
related to : post- surgical procedure.
8. Knowledge Deficit
related to : the presence of a colostomy, diagnostic evaluation, surgical planning, and home care plan.
9. Risks for Growth and Development
relatd to : changes in psychosocial conditions of children for secondary treated pain conditions.
10 . Anxiety
related to : the prognosis of the disease , information misinterpretation , plan surgery .
