4 Nursing Interventions for Angina Pectoris

Nursing Care Plan for Angina Pectoris

Definition of Angina Pectoris

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused due to myocardial ischemia and temporary or reversible. (Fundamentals of nursing cardiothoracic, 1993)


Etiology of Angina pectoris

1. Atherosclerosis.
2. Coronary artery spasm.
3. Severe anemia.
4. Arthritis.
5. Aortic insufficiency.

Risk Factors of Angina pectoris

1. Can be Changed (modified)

• Diet (hyperlipidemia).
• Smoke.
• Hypertension.
• Stress.
• Obesity.
• Less activity.
• Diabetes Mellitus.
• The use of oral contraceptives.

2. Unable to be changed

• Age.
• Sex.
• Race.
• Hereditary.
• Personality type A.

Clinical manifestations of angina pectoris

1. Substernal or retrosternal chest pain radiating to the neck, throat area inter scapula or left arm.
2. Quality of pain like a heavy pressure, such as pressing, feels hot, sometimes just a bad feeling in the chest (chest discomfort).
3. Duration of pain lasting 1 to 5 minutes, no more than 30 minutes.
4. Pain lost (decreases) when the rest or nitroglycerin.
5. Accompanying symptoms: shortness of breath, feeling tired, sometimes appearing cold sweat, palpitations, dizzines.
6. ECG: ST segment depression, inverted T waves seen.
7. EKG is often normal at the time of the attack did not arise.

Nursing Diagnosis for for Angina Pectoris

1. Acute pain related to myocardial ischemia.
2. Activity intolerance related to reduced cardiac output.
3. Anxiety related to fear of the threat of sudden death.
4. Knowledge deficit (learning need) regarding events, treatment needs related to lack of information.


4 Nursing Interventions for Angina Pectoris

1. Acute pain related to myocardial ischemia.
Intervention:

• Assess the factors that aggravate the pain.
• Put the client on bed rest during episodes of angina (first 24-30 hours) with a semi-Fowler position.
• Observation of vital signs every 5 minutes every attack of angina.
• Create a quiet environment, limit the visitor when necessary.
• Give soft foods and let clients break 1 hour after meals.
• Staying with clients who are experiencing pain or looking worried.
• Teach distraction and relaxation techniques.
• Collaboration treatment.

2. Activity intolerance related to reduced cardiac output.
Intervention:

• Maintain bed rest in a comfortable position.
• Give adequate rest periods, aids in the fulfillment of self-care activities as indicated.
• Note the color and quality of the pulse.
• Increase client activity on a regular basis.
• ECG Monitor with often.

3. Anxiety related to fear of the threat of sudden death.
Intervention:

• Explain all procedures act.
• Increase expression of feelings and fear.
• Encourage family and friends separately considers the client as before.
• Tell the client that the medical program has been created to reduce / limit the attacks will come and improve the stability of the heart.
• Collaboration.

4. Knowledge deficit (learning need) regarding events, treatment needs related to lack of information.
Intervention:

• Emphasize the need to prevent angina attacks.
• Instruct to avoid the factors / situations as the originator of angina episodes.
• Assess the importance of weight control, smoking cessation, dietary changes and exercise.
• Show / encourage clients to monitor their own pulse during activity, avoid stress.
• Discuss the steps taken in the event of an attack of angina.
• Encourage clients to follow the specified program.

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