Cerebral palsy is a condition that arises due to a group of disorders in the nervous system and the brain. Cerebral palsy is a well-known reality to the families and friends of those who have it. To many of the rest of us, sadly, it has received little consideration.
People with cerebral palsy find difficulty in movement, seeing, hearing, thinking and learning. Cerebral palsy is a lifelong disease that has no cure! If a person suffering from this condition has to be made independent, it is possible only if the prime cause of this condition is dealt with, which is strengthening of the muscles with the help of exercises.
Cerebral palsy is caused by brain damage, either through injury or irregular development during the early stages of life. The damage usually occurs just before, during or shortly after the birthing process. Very few infants are born with noticeable symptoms. Most will begin exhibiting them in the first few years of life as developmental milestones are missed.
The classical symptoms are spasticities, spasms, other involuntary movements, unsteady gait, problems with balance, and/or soft tissue findings consisting largely of decreased muscle mass. Scissor walking (where the knees come in and cross) and toe walking (which can contribute to a gait reminiscent of a marionette) are common among people with CP who are able to walk, but taken on the whole, CP symptomatology is very diverse. The effects of cerebral palsy fall on a continuum of motor dysfunction which may range from slight clumsiness at the mild end of the spectrum to impairments so severe that they render coordinated movement virtually impossible at the other end of the spectrum.
Speech and language disorders are common in people with cerebral palsy. The incidence of dysarthria is estimated to range from 31% to 88%. Speech problems are associated with poor respiratory control, laryngeal and velopharyngeal dysfunction as well as oral articulation disorders that are due to restricted movement in the oral-facial muscles. There are three major types of dysarthria in cerebral palsy: spastic, dyskinetic (athetosis) and ataxic.
Nursing Diagnosis for Cerebral Palsy : Ineffective breathing pattern related to the ineffectiveness of airway clearance
Goals:
- Normal respiration rate.
- Client is easy to breathe.
- Forced air expenditure does not occur.
- The use of additional muscle does not happen.
- No dyspnea.
- Normal vital capacity
Nursing Intervention:
- Arrange a position to allow maximum lung expansion with semi powler / head rather high cliff over 30 degrees.
- Give cushion or support that allows the airway remains open.
- Provide oxygen according to the needs of the child.
- Give or increase rest and sleep according to the client's needs or the exact schedule.
- Monitor breathing, rhythm, kedalama and oxygen saturation monitoring.
Nursing Diagnosis for Cerebral Palsy: Impaired Verbal Communication related to damage to the ability to say the words that relate to the involvement of the facial muscles of the rigidity secondary.
Goal:
- Client communication process within the limits of damage.
Nursing Intervention:
1. Tell a speech therapist with early
R / before children learn the habits of poor communication.
2. Talk to the child slowly
R / allow time for children to understand speech
3. Use articles and images
R / strengthen the understanding encouraging circumstances talk
4. Use the technique of eating
R / help ease talk like using the lips, teeth and tongue range of motion.
5. Teach and use non-verbal methods of communication (eg, sign language) for children with severe dysarthria.
6. Help the family to get an electronic device to facilitate non-verbal communication (eg, typewriter, microkomputer with sound processing).
